Technology managment vs. Traditional managment Essay

Technology managment vs. Traditional managment - Essay Example Technological Management involves developing an understanding of technology and its impact on all areas of an industry, its members and their activities. Technological Management includes: goods and services; production processes; information and communications; transport and distribution; society, politics and economics. "Technology Management may be more appropriately characterized as a "discipline" than a "field." (Article,). So, technology management is aimed to coordinate only a technological process in contrast to traditional management which coordinates all levels of the organizational structure including their interaction and performance. In contrast to technology management, traditional management concerns with managing those resources of an enterprise that are required to produce the goods or services to be sold to consumers or other organizations. The balance of power has undoubtedly shifted to traditional management who now has more choice over how it conducts relationships with their employees and process. The main functions of traditional management in industrial relations objectives are: control the work process; secure cost-effectiveness; reassert managerial authority; move towards a more unitary and individualistic approach (Boone, Kurtz, 1992).

The Public Needs to Know Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

The Public Needs to Know - Essay Example Adams and Brantner (2006) reveal that cancer is the number one killer disease in the United States today. The research showed that over one million people in the U.S. are diagnosed with the cancer every year. This is a worrying statistics considering the fact that no drug has been developed that can cure the disease today. The only hope currently is for one to obtain regular screening to aid early detection, which research shows to increase survival chances if treated immediately with the available drugs. Despite this being the case, cancer treatment is very expensive and many American citizens lack the health insurance. Therefore, to arrest the situation, there is urgent need to develop drugs capable of treating this killer disease. The aim of this discourse is to explore the major issues that might arise due to the development of a cancer treatment drug. The issues to be discussed include economic issues and the special needs of the population being served. In addition, the paper w ill describe the processes that will be involved in the development of the program and its benefits to the population. Economic issues Cancer treatments are the most expensive medical treatment in the United States today. ... Analysts argue that this cost is not only worrying, but is also unrealistic in this day and age when the American economy is struggling to recover from recession. Furthermore, everyone involved in this problem is left wondering how we will be able to afford the cost of cancer in the next decade. It is believed that doctors will only recommend treatments depending on the out-of-pocket spending by patients. Currently almost everyone in the country is worried of how the cost of cancer treatment will be met in the future. As a result, the company’s intention to develop a new cancer treatment drug will be of immense benefit to economically. It will result in a reduction in the cost of healthcare, which would lead to a reduction in the government spending on cancer-related treatments (Jonsson and Wilking 2011). Special needs Currently physicians depend use mainly chemotherapy and radiography to treat cancer. However, patients are concerned that these treatment methods are not only e xpensive and not affordable to many, but are also painful. As a result, patients need a new treatment method that is not only cheap and affordable, but also safe and does not involve a painful experience. This special need can only be addressed through the development of a new treatment drug for cancer. Developing the drug will make the treatment of cancer easier and safer than the methods used today. Furthermore, it will enable the treatment of cancer possible even if cancer is diagnosed very late (Adams and Brantner, 2006). The image shows a patient diagnosed of cancer of the skin. Process involved in the development of the program The process involved in the development of a cancer treatment drug is normally cumbersome and takes from 7 to

The Main Ideas Behind Human Security Politics Essay

The Main Ideas Behind Human Security Politics Essay The main idea behind human security is to provide peace and security for the citizens both with nation-state and to ensure their protection against threats from the outside. A key source of military battle that gives focus for the Western worlds insight of the risk to human security was detached when the Cold War came to an finish. In fact, as early as the 1970s, the United States extended its explanation of national security to take in global economics, when it became obvious that the US economy was no longer the independent force it had formerly been, but affected by financial policies in a dozen other countries.2 But a fully-fledged dispute about the importance and re-conceptualization of security/protection did not start until the early 1980s.3 Human security is a contained scope. It doesnt cover all important, necessary, and profound features of human living. Rather is classifies and protects a inadequate vital core of human abilities and activities. This many have recently been described by fundamental human rights, or absolute needs, and basic capabilities. This core is a non-technical term which is a concern which lies behind human security. This may be defined or explained in the space of capabilities, the freedom people have to be and to do. Key components of this vital core are essentially human rights, which all persons and organizations are obliges to provide and receive respect, even if these responsibilities are not perfectly specifiable. The freedom and the rights in the vital core relate to survival, to livelihood, and to basic dignity. People which enjoy the rudimentary security as to their livelihood, survival, and self-respect even during awful conditions such as poverty, disaster, and war. The working definition doesnt state the freedoms and rights that relate to the vital core outside recognizing these three categories. The task of arranging among capabilities and rights, each of which is debatable by some to be essential, is a value decision and difficult one, which may be assumed by suitable organizations. Yet this decision is a circuital one if human security is to be effective and realistic. Due to this there is a foreseeable stress between (i) the need for participating engagement and analysis of this core by many, specially by those whose safety is endangered, (ii) the need for NGOs, international agencies, and public associations , among others, clearly to define a vital core and to introduce processes and organizations which prepare to protect it effectively. The imperfect but operational response to this stress is to continue a self-consciously unclear, wide working understanding of human security, and to articulate processes for operationalizing, this defini tion in existing circumstances by controlled organizations, for different populations. The key concept of human security is a people-centered concept. It emphases the attention from different institutions on human security and their societies worldwide. This focus on human beings separates human security from the objective of defending states areas that controlled security policies in the 19th and 20th centuries. Human security changes that focus to individuals despite of race, religion, gender, ethnicity, or any other characteristics. The human security approach matches the movement in economic improvement and international policies to move and the emphasis from instrumental focus (such as state rights, and growth) to human development and human rights. In doing this the humans become the end of improvement, not only as a mean to increase efficiency or legal logic, and these different activities become people-centered. The aim of human security is directly on human lives. But in order to protect individuals lives efficiently, actors must identify and deliberately prepare for distinct threats. Threats which are made to humans are critical that is, they threaten to cut into daily or core activities and functions of human lives. Such threats may be sudden- as in economic collapse, but they need not be, for what is defined as threat as critical is its tragic depth rather than the suddenness. Additionally the dangers are pervasive, meaning the treat is at a larger scale example of this might be to do with large amount of populated countries, another is a treat which may come again and again, such threats could be environmental and nuclear, or even at such a magnitude that they may never recur. Human security threats have different mechanism of operations. Threats such as genocide or soil degradation may have a direct impact on the humans live. Other threats are indirect, threats such as overinvestment in military or in debt due to underinvestment in certain areas, which leads to the collapse of public health care sectors, or when a country have very low education standards. Human security relates to both of these kinds of threats. Another Different types of attempts have been made to give an adequate conceptualization of human security. There are two major contemporary theories of international relations. One of these approaches is based on noe-realist theoretical context, which aim is to maintain an ongoing emphasis on the primacy of the state within broadened conceptualization of human security. This type of approach is also known as the new security thinking.4.This approach is built on a set of assumptions that fundamental effort to dislodge the state as the main referent of security, while placing larger importance on the inter-dependency and trans-nationalization of non-state performers. Buzan claimed that the straitjacket militaristic method to safety that controlled the discourse during the Cold War was simple-minded and lead to the underdevelopment of the idea.6The critical or postmodernist method to human security, replicated in the work of Ken Booth, he claims that human security is eventually more significa nt than states security.9 The postmodernist conceptualization of security does not compare state security with human security. Booths view, states and suggest that governments must no longer be the sole referents of the security, because governments are supposed to be the protectors of the peoples security, have become the sole source of uncertainty for the numerous people who live below their power, rather than the equipped forces of a different country.10. This method tests the idea of a state as an current and tolerable source of security to its people. Both methodstry to address the non-military dangers to human security. The major modification lays in the way these analyses point to action. The enlargement of safety to conceive of more than just armed threats increases the argumentative question: What is it that needs to be madesafe?1 1asanoutcome, the continuing (security) discussion centers on the identification of a principal referent or unit of security has been central to a continuing (security) argument. Arguments for the state to remain the main referent of safety must not mean upholding the state as the sole or unitary referent of security. But somewhat it means that the safety of the state, in specific a state that is weak, should continue to remain primary, since the main aim is to build the volume of the state to deliver and keep security for its citizens.1 2 In other words, while the conceptualization of security must make the safety of individuals and human beings its end, the state, as the means, cannot be detached as the key referent. After all if the state is to deliver and uphold sec urity, it has to be protected itself or to use Buzans words, it has to be or become a strong state.1 3. This reason, of course, needs explaining. What establishes a state? Using the conventional explanation, a nation is consisting of a territory/land, government, and people. In additional disagreements the whole (that is the state), comprising all its essential parts, has a mutual relationship with the individual parts. The state cannot be protected if its essential parts are self-doubting or unbalanced. At the same time, if the nation as the organization demonstrating its essential parts is weak or doubtful in relative to other states, its elements will also be affected by such weakness or insecurity. Booth has debated that national security was used by governments that stood as protectors of their peoples security, to cover reality and hide what essentially was the security of their regime and its followers and consequently be dislodged as a primary referent of security.1

Insomnia :: essays research papers

Insomnia Insomnia Almost everyone experiences insomnia now and then. When one believes he must be in bed by a certain time every night or that he needs a certain number of hours of sleep, it may be the very thing that is preventing him from going to sleep (Munson 21). It is unfortunately true that many people still suffer from poor sleep but do not know that there are numerous programs that can help them. Insomnia, which is due to various causes and includes a vaiety of symptoms, can be reduced or eliminated in a number of ways. Stress is one of the main causes in determining insomnia. It is a fact of every day life and can be defined as any event which causes a significant emotional response. Happy occasions such as getting married, promoted, or going on a vacation can cause stress reaction, not only because because participation in the event is occurring but also in the preparation. More obvious events that occur throughout one's life are the loss of a job, a loved one, or the need for surg ery. In such major life changes, the sources of the emotional response is much more easily identified (Shapiro MacFarlane Hussain 49). There are two types of stress: bad stress or negative stress which destroys your ability to operate at capacity, mentally and physically and good stress which improves your performance (Shapiro 49-50). There are different ways to reduce stress. One should try to find a job he really enjoys. It is not the stress of work that wears one out but the stress of frustration and failure. Two big causes of stress on the job are not knowing what is expected and not having adequate facts or tools. Escaping for a while is another method to help eliminate stress. One can visit a friend, go to a movie, or shop. When he returns, he can attempt to cope with the problem. However, it does not help to keep escaping, the individual should try to cope with problems as promptly as they arise (Hauri 111). Even though it is often difficult to make changes in lifestyle, the effort is worth it. Exchanging stress for a sense of control can lift a heavy weight from one's shoulders. The more control one has over his life during the day, the more likely it is that his night time sleep will become satisfying again (Hauri 113).

Effects of Tv on Children

We have all heard the incessant reports about the damaging effects of too much time spent in front of a television. The bad habit of watching hour after hour of television usually begin early in a persons life and people who have the habit of spending a lot of time watching too much TV are usually overweight. They also end up with other weight related problems during their life. Watching TV is especially harmful for small children. A study shows that when toddlers watch too much TV, they are more likely to have attention problems later on during their childhood and possibly for the rest of their life.This can have an impact on how well a child is able to perform in school and in other areas of their life. Allowing the television to be a baby sitter for your infant is not a good idea. The long hours of watching cartoons can be better spent doing some other activity. When I was a child a had a very small patch of the yard that I turned into a garden. I took dry beans from the packs in the kitchen and planted them in the garden. It was a wonderful feeling to watch them grow from a bean to a plant.We never ate anything from my garden, but having it gave me something to look forward to outside of the house, instead of doing nothing but sitting in front of the TV all day. Even today, more than 30 years later, I still do not watch (much) TV. There are a lot of TV stations that show programs that are very educational and a person can benefit from these programs. But, a child under the age of three should not be allowed to sit in front of the TV for a long time, the study states that no more than 30 minutes per day is enough. The long stream of continuous violence shown on TV has a negative effect on a child and adults, as well.Watching hours of violence, fast food commercials and the other nonsense – will have an adverse effect on anyone who watches it. It is not good to live in a society that doesn't blink an eye when someone has their head blown off. When you allow the television to raise your children, by the time they are 21 years old, they would have seen hundreds of thousands of violent, dehumanising acts on the screen. What could the after effects of that produce? How long should your child watch TV per day, you decide. Just be prepared to deal with the consequences of too much TV.

Louis MacNeice’s and Thom Gun’s poems Essay

Louis MacNeice’s and Thom Gun’s poems use the first voice to look at birth through babies’ eyes. They help us see that babies, unborn or newborn, are living but powerless beings. They can think and feel but cannot make decisions or changes in their lives. MacNeice’s piece is burdened with desperate pleas from the womb for a chance to live while Gunn’s poem takes on a lighter tone towards a newborn’s protest to leaving the comfortable and familiar womb. Written in the form of a prayer, the â€Å"Prayer Before Birth† addresses God as its audience but the poet’s intention is really to decry the horrors of abortion to the reader. The poem takes on a troubled tone of one who is facing death sentence. The effects of its tone are made stronger through the use of the first person in the impotent unborn baby to dramatize the fact that it is alive and not given a choice for its life. Each stanza repeats the fact that it has yet live. This set the reader into the speaker’s deepest burden as it reveals its concerns. The poem also uses images associated with pains and fears the speaker faces to communicate its tone of deep depression. The first stanza shows us a child’s nightmare of â€Å"bat†, â€Å"rat† and â€Å"ghoul†; followed by equipment of torture such as â€Å"walls†, â€Å"racks† and â€Å"drugs†; then criminal acts of â€Å"treason† and â€Å"murder†; men in authority as in â€Å"old men†, â€Å"bureaucrats† and â€Å"man†¦who thinks he is God† and finally the vivid description of the brutal act and the detachment of the speaker from its source of humanity. All these depressive images are interrupted only in the third stanza, with a sense of longing and in warmer tone, to experience life from childhood (being â€Å"dandle†) to death (being guided by â€Å"a white light†). It brings images of nature and life and all that we take for granted. Even the poem’s structure supports the tone. The long sentences and heavy-sounding words (â€Å"dragoon†, â€Å"dissipate† and â€Å"bloodsucking†) communicate a heavily laden heart. The poem moves slowly with increasing length at each stanza and that tells of a deepening sense of hopelessness. The sixth stanza is very short as if to communicate the end of the hope. The last stanza’s lines shorten with each subsequent plea as if to signify the shortening time  left. The poet chooses words that support the deeply burdened tone and evoke the reader’s emotional response. This is especially so when an innocent unborn has been subjected various agents of abortion in the form of creatures of the night (â€Å"bat†, â€Å"rat† and â€Å"ghoul†), equipment of torture (â€Å"walls†, â€Å"racks† and â€Å"blood-baths†), criminal acts (â€Å"treasons† and â€Å"murder†) and unloving human (â€Å"lovers†, â€Å"beggars† and â€Å"bureaucrats†). They communicate uncaring, cold and relentless in achieving their ends without regard to the subject. Many rarely used heavy-sounding and multi-syllabus words add to the ominous mood as they â€Å"dragoon†, â€Å"dissipate† and â€Å"engendered† the speaker. And then the word â€Å"thistledown† also helps add the finality of the act as we picture the foetus as unattached weed just go directionless and lifeless (â€Å"hither and thither†) to be [spilled] like water into the drain. The use of the word â€Å"me† gives a picture of helplessness to be subjected to other people’s direction (â€Å"think me†, â€Å"beyond me†, â€Å"live me†, â€Å"curse me†, â€Å"lecture me† and â€Å"hector me†). The sum effect of the dramatic play of words is designed to create the dark, troubled mood of one facing death sentence and to draw a response from the reader. On the other hand, Gunn also uses the first voice but he gives the protesting baby a less intense tone. His intention is to explain the baby’s first cry and he thinks that it is from its reluctance to leave an environment of security and warmth for a strange and cold world. The poem carries an angry tone of complains (â€Å"Things were different inside†)and warm tone of memories (â€Å"The perfect comfort of her inside†). Like the previous poem, the effect of its tone is made stronger through the use of the first person who shares its experience first hand. Yet unlike the first poem, the tone it carries is not as overwhelming as to evoke a respond from the reader for it hints that it is only temporal (â€Å"I may forget†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). Gunn’s poem also uses images but those of contrasting scenes to communicate its objection to the changes. One can hear the warm and longing tone as the baby thinks of the snug and secure â€Å"jolly and padded† and â€Å"[the] perfect comfort of her inside†. Otherwise, the poem moves in exasperation as it compares the â€Å"warm and wet and black† womb with a â€Å"rain of blood† and the discomfort of the â€Å"lighted† outside world, the exposed and spacious â€Å"rustling bed† and the changes that comes when â€Å"all time roars†. Like MacNeice’s poem, it also communicates a helpless baby in the midst of the situation it cannot change as it lies â€Å"raging, small, and red†. And it may continue to rage till it forgets for it has no choice to the matter of whether it wants to be born. Gunn’s poem is designed to support the tone of protest through its fast-paced, easy-to-read rhythm and rhyme and its short and even sentences. These, as compared with â€Å"Prayer before birth†, give the effect of a less forceful albeit angry tone. Its pace slow down a little in the last two stanzas (with longer vowels — â€Å"sleep†, â€Å"soon†, â€Å"womb† and â€Å"room†) as the child gets tired and slips into dreams of the familiar surrounding again. The poem keeps the lighter tone and moves with ease through informal and conversational language. Many of the words chosen in this poem refers to tangible objects as in â€Å"womb†, â€Å"bed† and â€Å"room†. The tone is also supported by choosing single-syllabi action words like â€Å"fall†, â€Å"ride†, â€Å"tuck† and â€Å"lie†. All those action words imply how quickly everything happens between birth and the baby’s sleep. Many words also indicate the drastic differences the baby has to endure at birth e.g. from â€Å"private† to a shared environment; from the â€Å"warm and wet and black† womb to a â€Å"lighted† room; and from â€Å"padded and jolly† to â€Å"rustling†. All these imply changes the baby needs to adjust to. But they are all temporal shock and the protest will not last even though the newborn may fight it†¦ â€Å"But I won’t forget that I regret†. And eve ntually, all that is left of the memory of the womb may exist only in the baby’s dream. Both poems revolve around the subject birth and give thought to life. The main difference is that MacNeice’s poem is meant to evoke a response or perhaps provoke the reader to action while Gunn’s poem only wants to share a response of a baby at birth.

Fashion helps us to define and show who we are and what we do

Fashion helps us to define and show who we are and what we do Introduction Fashion is like a kind of visual arts: people come to Karl Lagerfeld’s fashion show and express their excitement the same way they do at the Louvre when looking at da Vinci’s Mona Lisa. Fashion is like sports: everybody wants to outstrip competitors and be the best.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Fashion helps us to define and show who we are and what we do specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Fashion is like a magic wand: it seems to one that he/she just needs to put on a new splendid outfit, and his/her life will change completely. Funny as it may seem, these words are hardly an overstatement: today, fashion is constantly in the spotlight in media and remains one of the most discussable things in society. Scholars give different evaluations to the influence of fashion on contemporary people emphasizing both positive and negative social impacts; however, the fact of this influence is evident. That is why it is reasonable to continue the study of how fashion trends influence an individual’s life and how they are perceived by people. The paper aims at describing the influence fashion has upon our lives. The key notion of this discussion is identity. It is quite broad and can be defined in different ways; there are several levels of identity, and each of them requires particular discussion (Schwartz and Pantin 4). This approach seems to be appropriate for investigating fashion: as Loughran (4) marks, on the one hand, when people make decision about what to put on, they focus on their own principles, interests, and preferences. On the other hand, fashion trends find their origins in culture, traditions, social processes etc. and thus promote people’s integration. The study embraces three levels of identity and implies discussion of several questions, such as: How can be the notion of one’s identity defined? What is the mechanism of influence o f fashion on an individual’s identity? For an individual who demonstrates interest towards fashion trends and adjusts his/her style to them, is fashion a means of demonstrating belonging to some group, or, backwards, the way to highlight his/her exceptionality? How does the communicative function of fashion work? What expectations do individuals have about the results of efforts they make to follow the fashion trends? Fashion helps us to define and show who we are and what we do, and the research below aims at understanding how this help comes to be. The study includes analysis of scholars’ works and study of the cases from history and contemporary media.Advertising Looking for research paper on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Levels of Identity Scholars offer different schemes of an individual’s identity depending on the identity levels they mark out. Based on Erikson’s and Marcia’s models, Schwartz and Pantin (1-40) describe five levels of identity, which are: Ego identity; Personal identity; Social identity; Ethnic identity; Cultural identity. Hall (cited in Kirchner 3) offers a generalized model of one’s identity, which includes three levels: Individual; Collective; National. It is possible to state that the individual level included into this scheme corresponds to the ego identity and personal identity from the abovementioned model; the collective identity is similar to the social identity; national identity is similar to ethnic identity and cultural identity. For the aims of this study, the three-level identity model is used in analysis of the link between fashion and identity. Below, the role of fashion at each of identity levels is discussed. Individual Identity It is reasonable to begin the study with the level of an individual identity, which can be defined as â€Å"a kind of self-identification as a human being with co gnitive and social capabilities† (Kirchner 3). An individual’s appearance is considered to be an important element of his/her identity: as Craik (137) argues, â€Å"†¦Our body image forms the basis of our idea of self and identity as an individual, shaped both by our bodily performance and by how others perceive us†. This corroborates the reasonability of studying the â€Å"individual-fashion† link. The notion â€Å"individual identity† includes a set of characteristics that outline who an individual is and how he/she is perceived by the other people. It seems reasonable to say that one’s identity is a priceless and inalienable asset he/she is lucky to possess. Not accidentally, an individual feels the desire to â€Å"communicate† his/her individual identity to the society (Kellner 264). Oscar Wilde highlighted the importance of this â€Å"communication† with humor and at the same time very precisely, â€Å"It is only shal low people who do not judge by appearances. The true mystery of the world is the visible, not the invisible† (quoted in Davis 1). The â€Å"messages† about one’s individual identity are numerous: style of life, interests, masculinity/femininity, ambitions, good taste, intelligence, profession, wealth, any kinds of personality traits etc. At the same time, a range of devices used in expression of these characteristics is also very wide: color and color combinations, silhouette, cut, fabric, length, style, texture and oth. (6)Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Fashion helps us to define and show who we are and what we do specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Different combinations of these devices provide one with an opportunity for eloquent self-expression and endless experiments. Fashion is able to express any â€Å"dramatic type† one chooses: conservative, cool, glamorous, successful, t ender, intelligent, charismatic, â€Å"snobbish†, passionate and oth.; fashion specialists are always ready to offer the audience the corresponding style. In her (2005), Reynolds provides a broad range of â€Å"fashion personality† types, for example: the â€Å"classic type† preferred by women who â€Å"want to make a good impression†, â€Å"think long term†, and â€Å"self-monitor†; the â€Å"creative sparkler† type offered to bright females who â€Å"have many different sides and like to express them all, mixing colors, moods, and textures†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ; the â€Å"nature girl† type which is for women who want to emphasize their inner world and â€Å"prefer comfort over fashion†, etc (157-159). However, keeping in mind the fact that every individual is unique and inimitable, it is reasonable to assume that a number of such â€Å"fashion personalities† is incredibly big. Evolution of one’s identity starts at the moment of his/her birth; some characteristics are formed under the influence of the external environment (Schwartz and Pantin 8). Thus, it is interesting to answer the following question: how do one’s dressing habits form? Craik (136) offers an interesting term â€Å"prestigious imitation†: it reflects a young individual’s desire to â€Å"imitate† people whom they consider to be authoritative. Small children copy the actions their parents take and â€Å"absorb† the knowledge about what is good and what is inadmissible. Fashion also becomes an object of â€Å"prestigious imitation†: a child understands what he/she can put on for different occasions; being provided by the external environment, this knowledge is extending. However, this may give birth to a question: does this mean that the way an individual looks is formed by the environment only, regardless of his/her personality? Kellner disproves this statement (263) and refers to an interesting example of Madonna, a famous American singer. Madonna’s extravagant style was not created as a means of drawing attention of the audience; the singer began forming it during her young years: being pushed by the teenage â€Å"rebel spirit†, the future star began experimenting with her clothes – as Madonna herself says, â€Å"Only because we knew that our parents didn’t like it† (265).Advertising Looking for research paper on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The abovementioned example can be evaluated from the perspective of fashion’s communicative function. Craik (137) talks about social â€Å"performing† and â€Å"projection† of bodies: an individual has a desire to communicate to the society who he/she is. Fashion â€Å"equips† one with a choice â€Å"of clothes, style, and image through which one could produce an individual identity† (Kellner 264). Thus, Madonna makes her original choice in clothes and style in order to brightly and precisely demonstrate to the society who she is and how she perceives herself. Fashion and other industries use the idea of â€Å"choice† to address customers’ individual identity and increase sales. Providing different â€Å"modifications† of the same goods, brands give customers an opportunity to show who they are thus fulfill their self.† African Arts 36.1. (2003): 52-65. Mendis, Patrick. Glocalization: The Human Side of Globalization as if the Washington Consensus Mattered. Morrisville, N. C.: Lulu Press, 2007. Reynolds, Susan. Change Your Shoes, Change Your Life: Strut Your Way to a Fabulous New You! Avon, MA: Adams Media, 2005. Rolley, Katrina. â€Å"Love, Desire and the Pursuit of the Whole.† Eds. Ash, Julieth, and Elizabeth Wilson. Chic Thrills: A Fashion Reader. Berkeley Calif.: University of California Press, 1992. 30-39. Sevanen, Erkki. â€Å"The Study of Cultural Identity: Development and Background of a Multi-Disciplinary Field of Research.† Eds. Kupianen, Jari, Erkki Sevanen, and John A. Stotesbury, Cultural Identity in Transition: Contemporary Conditions, Practices and Politics of a Global Phenomenon. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers and Distributors, 2004. 33-63. Schwartz, Seth J. and Hilda Pantin. â€Å"Identity Development in Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood: The Interface of Self, Context, and Culture.† Ed. Columbus, Alexandra, Advances in Psychology Research. Volume 45. Huntington , N.Y.: Nova Science Publishers, 2006: 1-40.